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Ran GTPase plays important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport in interphase and in both spindle formation and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly during mitosis. The latter functions rely on the presence of high local concentrations of GTP bound Ran near mitotic chromatin. RanGTP localization has been proposed to result from the association of Ran's GDP/GTP exchange factor, RCC1, with chromatin , but Ran is shown here to bind directly to chromatin in two modes, either dependent or independent o
Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracelular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive.$nTissue specificity: Detected in fetal and adult kidney and liver, adult pan
Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis.$n
EDD is a progestin-regulated gene that was isolated from T-47D human breast cancer cells. Based on sequence homology, EDD appears to be a human homolog of the Drosophila hyperplastic discs (hyd) gene, a tumor suppressor gene that is required for control of imaginal disc growth. EDD contains a HECT domain in the carboxy terminus. HECT domain-containing proteins function as ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3 enzymes. EDD has been shown to bind to ubiquitin, and like other HECT family proteins, may